Moldy home tied to kids' asthma, allergies (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Children who live in homes with visible mold problems have a heightened risk of suffering from asthma and allergies, a new research review finds.

Researchers found that across 61 international studies since the 1990s, children living in water-damaged, moldy homes were more likely to have asthma, wheezing problems or nasal allergies than their peers.

The findings do not prove that mold is the culprit, according to the study's lead researcher. However, lab research has suggested that exposure to mold and airborne mold spores can create inflammation in the airways, added Dr. Christina Tischer, of the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Neuherberg.

These latest findings underscore the importance of not only getting rid of visible mold, but also preventing it in the first place, Tischer told Reuters Health in an email.

People often believe that mold is bad news for their lung health, and many studies have supported that idea. But some recent studies have linked certain proteins in mold "components" in the home to a lower risk of asthma and allergies in children. Those components are particular fungus cells that can mix in with house dust.

So for their review, Tischer and her colleagues separated studies that examined visible mold -- the most obvious sign of a mold problem -- from the smaller number in which researchers measured mold components in household dust samples.

They found that overall, children in homes with visible mold were 49 percent more likely to have asthma than kids not exposed to the problem. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly 10 percent of all American kids have asthma.

Meanwhile, the children's risk of nasal allergies was 39 percent higher.

Exposure to mold components in house dust was linked to a lower risk of those respiratory ills, the researchers report in the European Respiratory Journal.

In theory, that finding could be due to differences between visible mold and the mold components that are part of the normal mix of bacteria, fungus and other microbes in indoor air.

"Visible mold patches at the walls, or a moldy odor, is indicating that the normal microbial composition is out of kilter, which is most often due to dampness, excessive moisture or building damages," Tischer explained.

According to one theory -- the "hygiene hypothesis" -- living with the normal mix of microbes helps young children's immune systems develop in a way that makes allergic reactions less likely.

Tischer said that getting rid of visible mold "might be a first important step in order to create a healthy environment at home."

But, she added, the reasons for the mold problem have to be addressed too. That means steps like repairing leaky plumbing or other sources of water damage, and lowering humidity in the home with better ventilation.

The U.S. Environment Protection Agency has information on household mold and how to get rid of it, at http://www.epa.gov/mold/index.html.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/jVqblD European Respiratory Journal, online May 3, 2011.

Kids with stubborn asthma may have food allergy (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Inner-city children with poorly controlled asthma or skin allergies may be more likely to have food allergies, a new study hints.

Researchers found that among 228 inner-city New York children seen at their allergy clinic, 28 percent had a food allergy -- with eggs, peanuts and milk being the prime culprits. By contrast, the rate of food allergy among U.S. kids in general is only about four percent.

And a full 71 percent were "sensitized" to at least one food - meaning they had immune system antibodies in their blood against a particular food. In other words, their body was on the alert, and they were at increased risk of an allergic reaction. That rate too is much higher than average.

Some of the children were tested for food allergies because they had symptoms, such as hives or an itchy rash, breathing difficulty, or nausea, vomiting or diarrhea soon after eating a particular food.

But most -- 62 percent -- had never had any obvious reaction to food. Instead, they were tested because they had asthma or eczema (an allergic skin condition) that was not responding well to medication.

The children in this study were patients at an allergy clinic, so they are not representative of inner-city children in general.

Still, the findings suggest that doctors who treat inner-city children with stubborn asthma or eczema "should have a high degree of suspicion for food allergy," senior researcher Dr. Julie Wang told Reuters Health in an email.

In those cases, she said, doctors should get a detailed history of children's symptoms and refer families to an allergy specialist if necessary.

Wang and her colleagues at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York report the findings in the Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology.

It's known that poor minority children, many of whom live in inner cities, have high rates of asthma and nasal allergies. An estimated 23 percent of Puerto Rican children from low-income families have asthma, as do 16 percent of poor African-American children, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

That compares with a national average of just over nine percent.

Wang said she is not aware of any studies that have looked at the prevalence of food allergies among inner-city children.

The rates of food allergy and sensitization in this study were much higher than the national norm: About four percent of U.S. children younger than 18 have a food allergy, while food sensitization affects an estimated 28 percent of children age five and younger -- the age range where it is most common.

Nationally, food allergies are seen as a growing problem. In 2007, about three million school-aged children had a food allergy -- up 18 percent from a decade before. And there is some evidence that children's emergency room visits for severe food reactions are on the upswing as well.

No one is sure why the rate is rising.

One theory blames changes in children's diets. Another theory, known as the "hygiene hypothesis," holds that today's clean living -- creating less exposure to germs -- may actually make some people's immune system more prone to attacking normally harmless substances, like food proteins and pollen.

Regardless of what's behind the trend, the research team says that when inner city children have skin rashes or asthma that can't be controlled with standard medicines, doctors should consider the possibility of food allergy - even if the kids don't show any of the usual reactions to food.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/kAcHiP Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, online May 8, 2011.